功能模塊6ES7 211-0AA22-0XB0操作便利
功能模塊6ES7 211-0AA22-0XB0操作便利
功能模塊6ES7 211-0AA22-0XB0操作便利
功能模塊6ES7 211-0AA22-0XB0操作便利

功能模塊獨立性是由內(nèi)聚性和耦合性兩個定性指標(biāo)來度量的。內(nèi)聚性是度量一個功能模塊內(nèi)功能強度的一個相對指標(biāo)。耦合性則用來度量功能模塊之間的相互聯(lián)系的程度。

耦合

耦合是軟件結(jié)構(gòu)中各功能模塊之間相互連接的一種度量，耦合強弱取決于功能模塊間接口的復(fù)雜程度、進入或訪問一個功能模塊的點以及通過接口的數(shù)據(jù)。

耦合有以下幾種，他們之間的耦合度由高到低排列：

☆內(nèi)容耦合。如一個功能模塊直接訪問另一個功能模塊的內(nèi)容，則這兩個功能模塊稱為內(nèi)容耦合。

☆公共耦合。如一組功能模塊都訪問統(tǒng)一全局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，則稱之為公共耦合。

☆外部耦合。如一組功能模塊都訪問統(tǒng)一全局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)項，則稱之為外部耦合。

☆控制耦合。如一功能模塊明顯地把開關(guān)量、名字等信息送入另一功能模塊，控制另一功能模塊的功能，則為控制耦合。

☆標(biāo)記耦合。如一組功能模塊共享了某個記錄，而不是簡單變量，即這些功能模塊都需某一數(shù)據(jù)的子結(jié)構(gòu)時，就需要按該記錄的結(jié)構(gòu)進行操作，并通過參數(shù)表來傳遞記錄信息，這樣的耦合稱之為標(biāo)記耦合。

☆數(shù)據(jù)耦合。如一個功能模塊訪問另一個功能模塊，被訪問的功能模塊的輸入和輸出都是數(shù)據(jù)項參數(shù)，則這兩個功能模塊為數(shù)據(jù)耦合。

☆非直接耦合。若兩個功能模塊沒有直接關(guān)系，他們之間的聯(lián)系完全是通過主程序的控制和調(diào)用來實現(xiàn)的，便稱這兩個功能模塊為非直接耦合，獨立性最強。

上面只是對耦合機制進行了一個分類。原則上講，功能模塊化設(shè)計總是希望功能模塊之間的耦合表現(xiàn)為非直接耦合方式。但是，由于問題所固有的復(fù)雜性和空間方面的考慮，有時則要根據(jù)實際情況，全面權(quán)衡，選用其它類型的耦合。 

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